Indian History In Hindi Language
Under Article 343, the official languages of the Union has been prescribed, which includes Hindi in Devanagari script and English: (1) The official language of the Union shall be Hindi in Devanagari script. (2) Notwithstanding anything in clause (1), for a period of fifteen years from the. Hindi language has its roots in the classical Sanskrit language. The language acquired its current form over many centuries, and numerous dialectical variations still exist. Like Sanskrit, Hindi is written in the Dev Nagari script, which is common to several other Indian languages as well.
Contents • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Status of English in India [ ] is one of the official languages of the Union. However, even after 70 years of, English is still retained as an official language. Only a few hundred thousand Indians, or less than 0.1% of the total population, have English as their first language. According to the, 12.6% of Indians know English. An analysis of the 2001 Census of India concluded that approximately 86 million Indians reported English as their second language, and another 39 million reported it as their third language.
No data were available whether these individuals were English speakers or users. According to the 2005, of the 41,554 surveyed, households reported that 72% of men (29,918) did not speak any English, 28% (11,635) spoke at least some English, and 5% (2,077, roughly 17.9% of those who spoke at least some English) spoke fluent English. Among women, the corresponding percentages were 83% (34,489) speaking no English, 17% (7,064) speaking at least some English, and 3% (1,246, roughly 17.6% of those who spoke at least some English) speaking English fluently. According to statistics of District Information System for Education (DISE) of under,, enrollment in English-medium schools increased by 50% between 2008–09 and 2013–14.
The number of English-medium school students in India increased from over 15 million in 2008–09 to 29 million by 2013–14. India ranks 22 out of 72 countries in the 2016 published by the. The index gives the country a score of 57.30 indicating 'moderate proficiency'. India ranks 4th out of 19 Asian countries included in the index.
Among Asian countries, Singapore (63.52), Malaysia (60.70) and the Philippines (60.33) received higher scores than India. Court language [ ] English, according to the Indian Constitution, is the language of the Supreme Court and all the High Courts of India. However, in Bihar, Madhya Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, and Rajasthan there is use of Hindi in courts because of Presidential approval. In 2018, the Punjab and Haryana High Court also await Presidential approval for Hindi use as well. Features [ ] Indian English generally uses the.
Idiomatic forms derived from Indian literary languages and vernaculars have been absorbed into Indian English. Nevertheless, there remains general homogeneity in phonetics, vocabulary, and phraseology between various dialects of Indian English. History [ ] English language public instruction began in India in the 1830s during the (India was then, and is today, one of the most linguistically diverse regions of the world ). In 1835, English as the official language of the Company. Played a major role in introducing English and western concepts to education in India.
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He supported the replacement of Persian by English as the official language, the use of English as the medium of instruction in all schools, and the training of English-speaking Indians as teachers. Throughout the 1840s and 1850s, primary-, middle-, and high-schools were opened in many districts of, with most high schools offering English language instruction in some subjects. In 1857, just before the end of Company rule, universities modelled on the and using English as the medium of instruction were established in,. During subsequent in India, or the, lasting from 1858 to 1947, English language penetration increased throughout India.
This was driven in part by the gradually increasing hiring of Indians in the. At the time of India's independence in 1947, English was the only functional in the country. After in 1947, was declared the first official language, and attempts were made to declare Hindi the sole national language of India. Due to and other non-Hindi-speaking states, it was decided to temporarily retain English for official purposes until at least 1965.
Indian History In Hindi Language Video
By the end of this period, however, opposition from non-Hindi states was still too strong to have Hindi declared the sole language. With this in mind, the English Language Amendment Bill declared English to be an associate language 'until such time as all non-Hindi States had agreed to its being dropped.' This has not yet occurred, and it is still widely used. For instance, it is the only reliable means of day-to-day communication between the central government and the non-Hindi states. The view of the among many Indians has gone from associating it with colonialism to associating it with economic progress, and English continues to be an official language of India. While there is an assumption that English is readily available in India, available studies show that its usage is actually restricted to the elite, because of inadequate education to large parts of the Indian population. The use of outdated teaching methods and the poor grasp of English exhibited by the authors of many guidebooks, disadvantage students who rely on these books.